Fund managers combine assets into portfolios with attributes expected Essay

Store supervisors join resources into portfolios with ascribes expected to be alluring to their customers. Distinguish and portray a - Essay Example The dynamic procedures for monetary speculations are: legitimate stock determination; great market timing; proper security trading; and a stepping stool approach in multi-ventures. Fitting or appropriate stock determination includes the purchasing of underestimated stocks. The financial specialist must know about any current open data identified with the stocks he/she is going to purchase to have the option to assess genuinely well the most ideal stocks that are being offered which will in the end yield the most ideal development and return. This sort of venture method keeps the portfolio smoothed out and progressively sensible on the grounds that the financial specialist is very much educated about the stocks’ standing. Market timing procedure drives any expected financial specialist to buy stocks when the costs are low and to sell them when they arrive at their greatest pinnacle esteems at a given time. This involves speculating the high points and low points of the currency advertise that is generally reliant on different issues that influences attractive stocks. Security trading is a functioning venture technique that requires a financial specialist to make a figure concerning when to sell long haul bonds and when to purchase momentary bonds. The capital additions on securities depend on the progressions associated with financing costs, which typically varies every once in a while. Last however not the least dynamic technique for budgetary speculation is the stepping stool approach where financial specialists are urged or encouraged to put resources into blended or different sorts of ventures that have distinctive development dates and fluctuating degrees of dangers. This specific dynamic technique is intended to give the financial specialist a progressively customary and fixed salary that has lower dangers (Norton, 2008a). The second kind of speculation procedure is the aloof venture systems. This kind of venture methodology includes the accompanyin g speculation strategies: balance common store; list portfolio, dollar cost averaging, purchase and hold; and profits reinvestment plan. The equalization shared store is an assorted blend of speculations offering different development dates alongside various hazard powers. This sort of venture technique assists with making any speculation portfolio progressively stable since the degrees of dangers shift and the profits increase misfortunes assuming any. Next uninvolved procedure is the record portfolio expected to duplicate a primary list. Comparable offers with a similar extent as the fundamental record is purchased with the essential point of copying its presentation and not out-performing it. This makes returns progressively unsurprising and is regularly used when putting resources into values. The dollar cost averaging is another type of aloof speculation procedure where ventures are bought at standard occasional spans without thinking about the change of market costs. Consequen tly, if the value development is downhill the normal cost for the venture is typically more noteworthy than the current market cost. In any case, on the off chance that the value pattern is tough, at that point the normal expense is not exactly the market cost. Purchase and hold is another kind of inactive speculation technique which means to give the most ideal come back to a specific hazard level. This strategy regularly includes securities and stocks that are held for extensive stretches of time or until their particular development dates. The profits reinvestment plan methodology is a kind of latent I

Develop Change Management Strategy

Question: Talk about the Develop Change Management Strategy. Answer: Presentation Change the board methodology is actualizing a few changes in the system of the association so to make the working of start compelling. It portrays methods of working of association should be done, for example, changes in system of flexibly chain the executives, the board of stock (Monahan, Murphy, and Johnson, 2016). Money saving advantage Analysis As indicated by technique Katzenbach focus overview the achievement in change in the executives system are at 54% which is low. In the event that the change ends up being incorrectly it can prompt significant expense in fund as well as in activities, resolve of the association individuals and assets (Aguirre, and Alpern, 2014). Hazard Analysis For limiting the effect of hazard in the execution of hierarchical methodology, okay antagonistic arrangement ought to be thought of. The association faces hazard if there should be an occurrence of non compelling execution of association change in the administration technique as that can prompt high event of expenses with respect to representatives just as association. The association faces hazard, for example, non accessibility of assets, workers are not all around prepared; venture has neglected to achieve anticipated outcomes, event of about a vulnerability because of which undertaking has been surrendered (Global information preparing LLC, 2011). Boundaries to Change Boundaries in change in the executives procedure can prompt hole in expected and genuine exhibitions. In the event that there are more holes between the normal and genuine exhibitions, at that point it can prompt negative effect on creation action of the association. The hindrances in change in the board technique can be said in: absence of inclusion by workers: this is the point at which the representatives of the association have dread of progress, absence of want to receive new approaches. Absence of viable correspondence procedure: in some association, there isn't any successful chain of correspondence followed. In such association there are no inclusions from the workers side. A terrible culture: if arranging group which has made getting ready for compelling change in the executives procedure, neglects to gauge the instinct and sentiments of the associations representatives. It is considered as hindrance in change the executives since arranging office thinks about just occupation duties, work zone obligation, asset portion. Consequently to not consider workers sees lead to non compelling execution of progress the board methodology. Obscure current stage: now and again the executives neglects to investigate the current circumstance of the board because of which, it is exceptionally hard for the administration to shape a successful change the executives methodology (Rick, 2016). Record alleviation Strategies Alleviation technique is assessment of dangers, disadvantage and perils that can make some negative impact in the exhibitions of the task. Because of vulnerability in future, the effect of dangers and risks on the association execution can't be wiped out; henceforth the primary target behind framing moderation procedure is to diminish the effect of these dangers and hindrances somewhat. This is done to make appropriate move before event of any harm in the association. In alleviation report the hazard and catastrophe factors are ordered between doubtlessly, likely and far-fetched factors. This is done as such to make concurring arranging techniques so to alleviate the degree of hazard in the association (Gundlach, 2011). Change the executives Project Plan Change in the executives venture plan depicts about changes that should be prepared checked controlled and to be acknowledged by the administration. It portrays about changes that need to actualize because of changes in the board techniques. An adjustment in the executives venture plan can't be found without legitimate assessment and endorsement from venture group, venture supervisor, venture support, client, and undertaking partners (Peiterse, Caniels, and Homan, 2012). From whom Permission should be Taken for Change in the executives Process To change in venture plan, the board need to follow a particular system, that is all the assessments and proposals for change is send to extend support, official support. Other than this to change in the task plan, workers need to talk with the venture chief. Subsequent to doing examination by the undertaking chiefs relegate a number to the change. Finally the task assessment report and suggestions are sent to control board. Subsequently it is said that authorization should be taken from every one of these individuals to actualize the board hierarchical change (Hornstein, 2015). Required Resource and Gaining Information from Relevant directors For change in the executives plan, the administration needs assets like evaluating the need to change, current and future impact if the change is actualized and if not executed. The administration needs to archive these progressions for better investigation. After this, the administration needs to build up an execution just as correspondence plan. The jobs and duty additionally should be characterized for change and measures that how might be the change estimated. To pick up data with respect to change in the administration plan, partners need to demand for change to extend chief. After this, the task supervisor specifies the necessary change in the log register. A fundamental examination is never really out the effect of progress as far as cost, hazard, explanation from association individuals. After examination, a solicitation is made to control board by the task chief. At that point the board assesses and concludes that whether to actualize such change or not in the association. I n the event that the association change in the board plan is affirmed, at that point the venture director refreshes the pattern of task (Stare, 2010). End By examining the article on change in the executives technique, it tends to be said if the executives can defeat the obstructions of progress in procedure of the board it would be simple for the administration to adequately deal with the change and for workers as it is anything but difficult to actualize such changes and get the ideal outcomes. References Aguirre, S and Alpern, M,. (2014) Strategy + business, 10 Principles of driving change the executives. Recovered on ninth March, 2017 from https://www.strategy-business.com/article/00255?gko=9d35b Worldwide information preparing LLC,. (2011) Understanding and dealing with the danger of progress. Recovered on ninth March, 2017 from https://www.globalknowledge.nl/content/records/archives/White-Papers/Business-Skills-White-Paper-Risk-of-Change Gundlach, M,. (2011) Risk relief procedures and hazard alleviation plan. Recovered on ninth March, 2017 from https://www.brighthubpm.com/chance administration/47934-chance relief techniques and-hazard alleviation plan/ Hornstein, H, A,. (2015) The incorporation of task the executives and authoritative change the executives is currently a need, International diary of undertaking the board Vol 33 Monahan, K,. Murphy, T Johnson, M,. (2016) Deloitte college press, Humanizing change: Developing progressively viable change the board methodologies. Recovered on ninth March, 2017 from https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/deloitte-audit/issue-19/growing increasingly powerful change-the board strategies.html Peiterse, J, H,. Caniels, M, C, J and Homan, T,. (2012) Professional talks and protection from change, Journal of authoritative change the executives emerald article: Professional talks and protection from change. Pp (798-818) Rick, T,. (2016) Meliorate, Barriers to hierarchical change. Recovered on ninth March, 2017 from https://www.torbenrick.eu/blog/change-the board/hindrances to-authoritative change/ Gaze, A,. (2010) Comprehensive administration of undertaking changes, Economic and business survey, Vol 12(3) pp (195-210)

The Types Of Murder

The Types Of Murder Murder is characterized as 1. The activity or a demonstration of slaughtering. a. The intentional and unlawful murdering of a person, esp. in a planned way; (Law) criminal murder with perniciousness aforethought (occas. all the more completely wilful homicide); an occurrence of this. What makes the homicide is the wilful slaughtering of an individual by another person. There are numerous individuals slaughtered every year and in various manners which has created distinctive sort of killers with comparable disciplines for every one. The various kinds are A coincidental homicide An erratic homicide that happens to an individual that doesnt essentially have the mental profile of the normal killer however under troublesome conditions or circumstances gets one. A model being Ronnie sulivans dadâ [2]â Murder by guard In safeguarding himself or her, the killer shields himself from his casualties assaults. Accordingly he assaults back and brings about executing him unintentionally while attempting to get away. Larger part of cases, for example, these, the homicide is discovered guiltless as it matter of guarding your own wellbeing. Mass homicide A mass killer would be a killer whereby he has killed five and more individuals at one spot at a specific timeframe from anyplace between a couple of moments to a couple of days. Binge executioners are the sort of killers where in the wake of murdering a couple of casualties they go to another area where they continue slaughtering more casualties with no chilling period. Normally the killing comprises a solitary occasion, in spite of the fact that it can keep going for a short piece of time. Colombia case Sequential executioner Usually slaughter casualties on isolated events. Dissimilar to mass killers and binge types, sequential executioners will in general select a specific kind of casualty who satisfies a job in the executioners dreams. For this sort of homicide they for the most part have chilling periods between their killings, which example gives them an opportunity to think about an increasingly tricky homicide. A model would be Harold Shipman Recorded wrongdoing insights for by and large homicides in the twenty century tallied at: 2002 2003 = 1,047 including the 172 ascribed to Harold Shipman 2003 2004 = 904 2004 2005 = 868 2005 2006 = 764 remembering the 54 survivors of the July bombings for London 2006 2007 = 758 2007 2008 774 2008 2009 657 being the most reduced for a long time 2009 2010 = 615â [3]â Concentrating on the sequential executioner, for example Harold shipman. Harold was a sentenced English sequential executioner. A specialist by calling, he is one of the most hazardous sequential executioners ever with a stunning 250+ homicides and as yet tallying to his name. He was captured in September 1998 being accused of the homicide of Mrs Kathleen Grundy matured 81. Shipman was conceived in Nottingham. Shipman was supposed to be moderately near his mum, to who died when he was a youngster. In the way that she kicked the bucket, it soon later started to be Harolds own strategy for working. His mom had malignant growth and identifying with the last phase of her demise, she was given morphine by a home specialist. By then Harold saw his moms torment vanished while she died in June 1963. There are anyway four sorts of sequential executioners: The visionary sort has dreams requesting him to submit certain demonstrations, to murder certain casualties. It can even be the person in question hears voices in their mind to slaughter certain individuals. The crucial sort considers a to be swarm as individuals contemptible to live and looks to kill them. Killing them bringing about a superior world. This sort is un-unmistakable and is portrayed for the most part as a typical person. The epicurean kind just appreciates slaughtering casualty and has a desire for the buzz. The force arranged sort is the sort whom appreciates control over the individuals he is going to execute. They appear to cant help themselves when seizing and controlling their casualties so they do as it's been said. Harold shipman would in all likelihood be the indulgent. Harold appeared to get a rush of watching his casualty pass on; in his eyes it appear to give him power over life and demise. Likewise strategic sort as individuals who realized him didn't presume a thing even cops. Anyway a dear companion of Harold shipman couldn't help contradicting this and expressed that Shipman had nervousness issues, maybe one that Shipman didn't think about. The Characteristics of a killer of this sort normally is because of the Childhood. Youth brutality being, it is exceptionally improbable a sequential executioner out of nowhere at 40 changes from a typical individual and transforms into a troublesome lethal conduct. The conduct that is utilized when the homicide is submitting the demonstration would have been with the person in question for quite a while, since youth. In certain examples it isn't generally the sequential executioner is raised in a flimsy home, it very well may be that the sequential executioner began life as a major glad family where everything was consistent and acceptable and rather later run over genuine psychological mistreatment during their childhoods. Forming into a broken grown-up where not having the option to continue associations with others. Genuine psychological mistreatment for Harold shipman seeing his mom biting the dust. Also, by pills From birth to high school years, the mother is viewed as the more imperative grown-up in a childs life and to where there is a period the youngster realizes what love is. Where there have been circumstances that the mother was far off and careless to the youngster, the kid has been denied of his moms love. Harold shipman losing his mum no adoration. The psychological mistreatment focused at the youngsters was mental and physical. The youngster would be in a domain where his activities were overlooked and restrictions on conduct were not set. Harold shipman having no impediments on youth, allowed him to slaughter, execute Another trademark is the killers Fantasies Generally killers put stock essentially that they could control the world. In their youth support all the dreary maltreatment makes up for them completing their activity to satisfy their dream. Their Fantasy being a luck which for the most part can't occur in ordinary life. A typical individual figures out how as far as possible on their conduct though the individual who has needed impediments on his conduct from his youth thinks he can showcase his dream and no one can stop him. Harold shipmans youth, would comprised of nobody setting down constraints on his conduct making him accept he can act his dream where he can murder individuals however he sees fit. After numerous dangerous demonstrations, Harold then appears to accept he is to some degree strong and never be gotten. Differentiating the sequential executioner to a One off homicide spontaneous, the qualities are vastly different. Senior Sullivan set upon Mr Bryan and his sibling Kelvin, purportedly flinging supremacist maltreatment at the pair, who is dark. Pulling out a six-inch chasing blade, OSullivan wounded Bruce Bryan to death. His child Ronnie O Sullivan, snooker star expressed He was in an unlucky spot and it surely wasnt a homicide, it absolutely wasnt planned homicide. Seeing this kind of homicide, qualities, for example, Childhood would not be applicable to Senior O Sullivan. It appears Mr O Sullivan originated from an ordinary, normal youth and basically lost control the night he killed Bryan. Thoughtless homicide, for example, these are harder to clarify, it might be the consequence of O Sullivan hitting the bottle hard affected by Alcohol it made progressively inclined to act dreams out, for example, fierce wounding. All things being equal, previously there were once in a while any demonstrations of brutality where Senior O Sullivan needed conduct control. During the years, individuals have trying out various speculations so as to foresee guiltiness by taking a gander at variables of a people character Lombrosso, (1836 1909) a criminal researcher, respected that a few people are brought into the world with a natural inclination to guiltiness and against social conduct (Savitz 1972). This prompting the Biological hypothesis, for example, mind pathology and hormone and chromosome speculations. Biochemical Explanations show that Intelligence and Crime are connected. Crooks were 70 percent in principle of being weak brain out of a 100. Goddard 1914. Anyway applying this hypothesis towards a sequential executioner, for example, Harold, it is an incredible inverse. Harold had a remarkable information being a specialist, so obviously he was link of understanding the outcomes of killing somebody. This shows organic hypothesis isn't generally precise in foreseeing the lawbreaker. For The hypothesis of the functionalist the advancement of anomie hypothesis included crafted by two researchers, Émile Durkheim and Robert K. Merton. As per Durkheim, wrongdoing has useful or positive results. It is outlandish for all individuals to be similar and to hold a similar good awareness. A few people vary from others and for the most part incorporate criminal conduct. It was later evolved by Robert k Merton whom before his methodology on clarifying the impact of anomie introduced five kinds of adjustments to this criminal conduct, Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism and Rebellion. Utilizing formality in identifying with sequential executioner Harold Shipman, fit can't help thinking that he dismiss the purposes behind doing his wrongdoing, for example, Killing individuals everyday proceed with his affirmed technique making a way of life out of the strategy. In any case, even so this hypothesis might be study while thinking about this hypothesis on the erratic killings, it doesn't clarify careless homicides, for example, senior o Sullivan and in what adaption he may have been in. Ronnie senior For the Society structure hypothesis, it has been plot that so a few sociologists can demonstrate that particular way to deal with why an individual carries out a wrongdoing. For instance hard-core boozing. Utilizing drugs, animosity have been discovered when under the perfect sum can establish issue conduct. Researchers have discovered that difficult conduct is identified with ecological and character factors. For example while considering Senior O Sullivan specific at that point, he was utilizing explicit methodology, for example, hitting the bottle hard approaching the sum he was utilizing dangerous conduct. The earth being where battles are l

United Leadership model Boss Subordinate Relationship

Question: Talk about the United Leadership model for Boss Subordinate Relationship. Answer: Presentation In the present century, viable administration of HR in any association is essential to the accomplishment of the association. Without a doubt, HR fill in as one of the most imperative assets that assumes a basic job in the accomplishment of an association. Be that as it may, the executives of HR has represented a hydra-went to the administration of most association in view of the unpredictability of overseeing individuals from various societies, mentality, abilities and experience, inspirations, objectives and destinations, and various degrees of instruction. In spite of the fact that there exist a variety of administration models that serve to give a rule to the administration of HR, none of the models is without its downsides inferable from the zones of takeoff that exist between various associations, condition, and the individuals themselves. It is irrefutable that the world has developed to another corporate town described by globalization and cross-culture working. All things co nsidered, it has gotten important to reexamine the conventional administration models to mirror the present advancements in the corporate world. The exposition tries to give a compact rundown of an individual administration model and how it would fit in a hierarchical set-up. Research have built up that the fundamental wellspring of contention and obstruction among representative to change execution come from the absence of contribution of workers in dynamic (Yukl, 2012, p. 3). Subsequently, the worker feel looked down to and underestimated and may turn threatening against the association. As a pioneer, I would include the representatives in the dynamic at various levels to take care of this issue. In any case, its obvious that there exist a few choices which ought to be aware of the top administration and representatives ought to have no entrance to such data. Consequently, the inevitable end now drawn from the mental idea of representatives is settle on such choices without the workers; notwithstanding, this would guarantee the association of disappointment brought about by worker obstruction (Peng, 2012, p. 6). It is at this basic point that I would receive the well known authority model by direct including the workers in medium level and operational c hoices and halfway inclusion of representatives in major and vital choices. Fundamental authoritative thoughts in majority rule initiative As a pioneer receiving a majority rule authority model, I would incline toward working in an assembling organization in which each representative is assigned a particular obligation in a particular office with the end goal that he/she is responsible to the departmental head in that division . Further, in this framework, one worker or a gathering of representatives ought to be liable for a particular level/phase of item preparing. I would leave workers to settle on specific choices on issues influencing them. I would appoint position to settle on choices, for example, when to break for a rest to the representatives however not without oversight. In the wake of settling on the choices, the representatives ought to impart the choice to me for the last endorsement. On the off chance that I neglects to concede to the workers choice, I would haggle with the representatives and agree. As indicated by the human conduct hypothesis, however the choice I leave in the hands of the representatives include minor issues, the workers would have a sentiment of having a place and feel self-completed (Grint, 2000, p. 12). The authority model would additionally empower a decent relational connection between the administration and the subordinates. The administration model would serve to dispose of the supervisor subordinate relationship and make a colleague connection between the senior administration and the lesser workers. Significant characteristics and abilities of a successful pioneer As Adair (1973, p. 52) contends, somewhat the ability to adequately lead is intrinsic. Be that as it may, we can't disregard the way that being a progressively successful pioneer exists in ones handle. Given the distinction in culture, age, tastes and inclinations, levels of training, and monetary foundation just to make reference to a couple of elements, I accept that the most principal characteristic of a viable pioneer incorporate; The capacity to regard and comprehend the representatives. As it is regularly stated, regard and understanding fill in as the mainstays of mankind. Uprightness in driving the representatives (Gronn, 1995, p.26). Great relational abilities Various examinations have built up that renowned and compelling pioneers have fantastic relational abilities which monstrously help them, especially while haggling with workers or outer gatherings, for example, the providers for the association. Self-assurance and inspirational demeanor. Self-evaluation Bergmann et.al, (1999, p. 87) contends that compelling pioneers intermittently stop to lead a self-evaluation. The continually stop to check out their critical shortcomings and qualities. Such a demonstration permits the supervisor to build up which obligations to delegate and which to deal with himself (Burns, 1978, p. 60). Fundamental beliefs that my model of authority (equitable initiative) would accentuation on Cooperation among the workers. Development and innovativeness in finding reasonable answers for the issues influencing the association. Respectability and trustworthiness Reasonability Energy and excitement to ingrain a sentiment of self-assurance in the representatives. Such a worth would help the representatives in building their fantasies and utilizing their present understanding as a touchstone for greater flourishing in their profession (Bass, 1990, p. 76). Great relational connection between the administration and the subordinates. What the administration model rehearsed in joined authority is trying to accomplish Joined authority model essentially looks to make a feeling of having a place with the representatives. By leaving some operational choices in the hands of the workers (yet not without oversight). As indicated by social hypothesis, the reality serves to build work fulfillment and self-complete the representatives. The model further tries to make cooperation and improve the relational relationship among the workers to help the associations execution. As Blake and Mouton (1964, p.117) contends, such a model would spur the workers to draw in their psyche as well as their central core to support the association Advantages of joined administration to the association Because of including the subordinates in the everyday administration of the association, the last would profit hugely in a few different ways. It would make a sentiment of significant worth in the partners; therefore, they would raise their degree of duty, exertion, and devotion to meet authoritative targets. It would empower the representative improve their systematic abilities and settle on better everyday choices just as make a solid obligation of duty in dynamic. By designating a portion of the choice to the subordinates, I would let loose myself to concentrate on significant issues influencing the association (Belbin, 1993, p. 209). Hierarchical culture that would exist in joined initiative The administration model would make an adhocracy situated culture given its basic belief of advancement and innovativeness. The adhocracy situated culture bids to business enterprise and inventiveness (James and Posner, 1987, p. 31) to taking care of the issues confronting the association in a way that helps accomplishing authoritative destinations. Contrasts between the unified initiative model and other authority models Not at all like the outdated models that only included workers in dynamic, joined administration model tries to dole out explicit dynamic power to the representatives. Be that as it may, attributable to the constrained abilities of the workers and absence of legitimate skill, the model backers for oversight of the representatives choices. In that capacity, representatives would create dynamic aptitudes and find inventive methods of taking care of the issues confronting the association. Further, dissimilar to in other administration models where a supervisor subordinate relationship exists, joined initiative model backers for cooperative people authority where the subordinates feel they assume an extraordinary job in the administration of the firm. They further feel they can haggle with the administration of the issues influencing them. Step by step instructions to actually execute the assembled initiative model To execute the authority model I would make a workplace where the representatives share a gathering of joint dynamic with the senior administration especially the departmental heads. I would designate a portion of the dynamic power to my subordinates and leave them to talk about and arrive at a choice after which the previous I would audit the choice and either affirm it or connect with the subordinates in a conversation to change the choice to reflect hierarchical objectives. As Rowe (2007, p. 37) notes, such a demonstration would serve to help the subordinates certainty and make a quality of trust between the administration and the subordinates. End Human asset fills in as one of the fundamental determinants of authoritative achievement. Thusly, they should be taken care of with due consideration and readiness attributable to their affectability. Nonetheless, overseeing/driving individuals is inarguably one of the most intricate procedures and no characteristics, principles, or estimations of administration can flawlessly mirror the idea of initiative that would make one association effective and another ineffective. Along these lines, a viable pioneer ought to adjust his administrative and initiative aptitudes to suit both the idea of the association and the idea of the circumstance. Administration principally looks to create generosity among the representatives to such an extent that they can energetically work with a great deal of duty with practically zero management. Such workers are frequently profoundly energetic, submitted, centered, and have a sense and sentiment of having a place. They believe they are working for thei r more prominent preferred position and not to exclusively profit the association. Given t

Assessment of recent developments in financial reporting Essay - 1

Evaluation of ongoing improvements in budgetary revealing - Essay Example 84). This exposition centers around the latest patterns in UK money related revealing gauges broke down on the case of the Annual Report of BAA plc for 2004/05. The exposition contends that the development towards assembly with universal bookkeeping principles is useful enough to furnish investors with progressively straightforward data on organizations' exhibition. However, changes that are made have their downsides, which are likewise examined. Standartisation in bookkeeping is the fate of more noteworthy significance as business relations keep on extending over national fringes joining into a coordinated worldwide global condition. Various organizations working overall increments; in this manner it is progressively powerful to set one up all inclusive report for investors of various nations instead of make changes alongside national bookkeeping guideline strategies. It is a worldwide pattern with the UK ending up in its center. The advancement toward achieving a worldwide budgetary revealing system has quickened, and numerous huge advances have been taken The rebuilding program, started in 2000, is the perfection of a progression of developments toward the worldwide union of bookkeeping gauges (Casabona and Shoaf 2002, p. 16). ... The drive for worldwide bookkeeping principles appears to be messed up with regards to the advantages. The vast majority of the issues are so arcane as to be a million miles from those inexorably uncommon pieces of economy where riches is really made (Hilton 2004, p. 35). All things considered the business (and without a doubt, money related revealing is the one) becomes bigger and requires extra exercises to be actualized by organizations ensuring their reports will be effortlessly comprehended all through the world. For example, BAA has expressed in its yearly report 2004/05 the accompanying issues that were changed: - Recognition of the yearly valuation surplus on venture properties in the salary articulation - Recognition in the pay articulation of reasonable worth additions and misfortunes on subordinate money related instruments, subject to fence bookkeeping - Recognition of subsidiary money related instruments and related fence bookkeeping sections to be determined sheet - Separation in a critical position sheet of the obligation and value components of BAA's convertible bonds, and a considerable expanded fund cost recorded in the salary articulation - Recognition of a charge for share-based installments in the pay proclamation - Valuation of most of operational land resources on progress and utilization of this as the regarded cost for future periods, as per the first-run through reception rules of IFRS - Recognition of extra conceded charge liabilities, especially comparable to impermanent contrasts emerging on venture property and operational land revaluations - Recognition in a critical position sheet of proposed profits just when endorsed - Changes to the configuration of essential explanations. To be more illustrative as opposed to unmistakable the article goes on

Romantic Relationships Involving People With BPD

Romantic Relationships Involving People With BPD BPD Living With BPD Print Romantic Relationships Involving People With BPD By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 More in BPD Living With BPD Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Symptoms Research Entering a Relationship Making a Relationship Last Managing a Relationship Breaking Up View All Back To Top Borderline personal disorder (BPD) relationships are often chaotic, intense, and conflict-laden, and this can be especially true for romantic BPD relationships. If you are considering starting a relationship with someone with BPD, or are in one now, you need to educate yourself about the disorder and what to expect. Likewise, if you have been diagnosed with BPD, it can be helpful to think about how your symptoms have affected your dating life and romantic relationships. The Effect of BPD Symptoms on Intimacy In the  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the resource mental health professionals refer to when making a diagnosis,  symptoms of BPD include intense, unstable, and conflicted personal relationships. In essence, people with BPD are often terrified that others will leave them. However, they can also shift suddenly to feeling smothered and fearful of intimacy, which leads them to withdraw from relationships. The result is a constant back-and-forth between demands for love or attention and sudden withdrawal or isolation. Another BPD symptom that particularly impacts relationships is called abandonment sensitivity.?? This can lead those with BPD to be constantly watching for signs that someone may leave them and to interpret even a minor event as a sign that abandonment is imminent. The emotions may result in frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, such as pleading, public scenes, and even physically preventing the other person from leaving. Another common complaint of loved ones in borderline relationships is lying. While lying and deception are not part of the formal diagnostic criteria  for  BPD,  many loved ones say lying is one of their biggest concerns; this can be because BPD causes people to see things very differently than others. Impulsive sexuality  is another classic symptom of BPD, and many people with BPD struggle with issues of sexuality. Also, a large percentage of people with BPD experienced  childhood sexual abuse,?? which can make sex very complicated. Finally, other symptoms of BPD, including  impulsivity,  self-harm,?? and dissociative symptoms, which can have an indirect impact on borderline relationships. For example, if a loved one with BPD is engaging in impulsive behaviors like going on spending sprees, it can cause major stress within the family. In addition, suicidal gestures can be scary for romantic partners and can introduce lots of stress into the relationship. What Research Says About BPD and Romantic Relationships Research has confirmed that people with BPD tend to have very stormy romantic relationships characterized by a great deal of tumult and dysfunction.?? For example, one study demonstrated that women with BPD symptoms reported greater chronic relationship stress and more frequent conflicts. Also, the more severe a person’s BPD symptoms are the less satisfaction their partner  reports. In addition, research has also shown that BPD symptoms are associated with a greater number of romantic relationships over time, and a higher incidence of unplanned pregnancies in women.?? People with BPD also tend to have more former partners and tend to terminate more relationships in their social networks than people without personality disorders. This suggests that romantic relationships with people with BPD are more likely to end in a breakup. Finally, in terms of sex, research has shown that women with BPD have more negative attitudes about sex, are more likely to feel pressured into having sex with their partner, and are more ambivalent about sex  than women without BPD.?? Unfortunately, little research has been done on sexuality in men with BPD. Starting a Romantic Relationship With Someone Who Has BPD Given all the difficulties that exist in BPD relationships, why would anyone start a relationship with someone with the disorder? First, its important to remember that despite these intense and disruptive symptoms,?? people with BPD are frequently good, kind, and caring individuals. Often they have many positive qualities that can make them great romantic partners some of the time. Furthermore, many people who have been in a romantic relationship with someone with BPD talk about how fun, exciting, and passionate a BPD partner can be. Many people are drawn to a BPD partner precisely because people with BPD have intense emotions and a strong desire for intimacy. Can You Make a Romantic BPD Relationship Last? Most BPD relationships go through a honeymoon period. People with BPD will often report that at the beginning of a new romantic relationship they put their new partner “on a pedestal” and sometimes feel they have found their perfect match, a soul mate who will rescue them from their emotional pain. This kind of thinking is called “idealization.” This honeymoon period can be very exciting for the new partner too. After all, its really nice to have someone feel so strongly about you  and to feel as if you are needed. Problems start to arise, however, when reality sets in. When a person with BPD realizes that her new partner is not faultless, that image of the perfect (idealized) soul mate can come crashing down. Because people with BPD struggle with dichotomous thinking, or seeing things only in black and white, they can have trouble recognizing the fact that most people make mistakes even when they mean well. As a result, they may quickly go from idealization to devaluation?? (or thinking that their partner is a horrible person). The key to maintaining a relationship with someone with BPD is to find ways to cope with these cycles and to encourage your BPD partner to get professional help to reduce these cycles. Sometimes partners in BPD relationships are helped by couples therapy. Couples Counseling for BPD Relationships Managing a Romantic Relationship Involving BPD In addition to couples therapy, for the person with BPD, there are therapies that have been shown to be effective in terms of helping with relationships: Dialectal Behavior Therapy (DBT):  DBT is a form of  cognitive behavioral therapy  that relates a persons thinking to their behavior. There are four main skills taught in  DBT, and one of them is managing interpersonal skills.Mentalization Therapy (MBT):  MBT  is a therapy that focuses on helping someone make sense of what is going on in their mind and the minds of others. Medications:  There are currently no  medications approved to treat BPD, but they are sometimes prescribed by doctors to help improve certain symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Research suggests that certain medications can help a person manage their anger, impulsivity, and depression.?? On that note, though, its important to weigh carefully the side effects of a medication with its potential benefit. Ending a BPD Relationship   Many issues may arise when a BPD relationship is ending. Because people with BPD have an intense fear of abandonment, a breakup can leave them feeling absolutely desperate and devastated. Even if a relationship is unhealthy, a person with BPD can often have trouble letting the relationship go. This is particularly true of long-term partnerships or marriages.?? This is why its a good idea to have a support network for you and partner, especially if a break-up may occur, and this network often includes a mental health professional. A Word From Verywell On a positive and final note, please remember that the prognosis for BPD is good. This means that while most people with BPD do experience residual symptoms even after time and treatment, in the long term there is often hope that your relationship with your loved one can work.

Biological Productivity in Various Ocean Environments - 825 Words

Factors Influencing Productivity in Various Ocean Environments (Essay Sample) Content: Biological ProductivityNameInstitutionInstructorCourseDateIntroductionBiological productivity for the aquatic systems and that for land has been categorized into primary and secondary productivities. The productivity of ecosystems and organisms constitute biological productivity. Primary productivity is the rate by which photosynthetic activities of the producer organisms store energy in organic substances form used as food substances while secondary productivity is the storage of energy at the trophic levels of the decomposers and consumers. This paper defines biological productivity, discusses productivity rates, factors influencing productivity in various ocean environments, and the difference of these environments in terms of productivity.Biological ProductivityThis is the rate at which organic matter quantity or the equivalent quantity in the dry matter, energy content or carbon that are accumulated over a given period of time. When scientist mention productivity as a rate, they usually use it in that context to mean the production rate or the rate of energy flow (Ivlev, 2010). Therefore, lots of emphasis should be made that productivity refers to rate of the energy flow or rate of production for easy and correct measurement of biological productivity.Factors Influencing Productivity in Various Ocean EnvironmentsThere various environmental conditions that affect the biological productivity of organisms in the ocean environments ranging from the surface zone, the middle ocean environment and the deep ocean beds. These ocean environmental conditions differs from habitat to another and will either limit or increase biological productivity in ocean environments (Robinson Brink, 2005). They are: * Geographical variations * Depth variations * Seasonality * Availability of light * Salinity * The pH * DensityGeographical variations such as Equators, high latitude oceans, and along the coasts particularly the eastern margins have high chlorophyll concentration and therefore high biological productivity since chlorophyll speaks more directly to the photosynthesis rate. Phytoplankton have also been found to be abundance in these areas.In addition, depth variation influences productivity in that, low latitudes oceans are described as nutrients limited environments and therefore, the productivity in those areas are very low. As one descends from the sunlight to deeper ocean floors, the nutrient concentration of the ocean water rise and the light drops off. Cross-over from the nutrient-poor sunlight and to dark and nutrient-rich stereotypically takes place at roughly 80 m depth and is defined by Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM). These reduces biological productivity in the deeper waters.Moreover, variation in the seasonality like high latitudes has high seasonality of productivity which are driven by the light availability. The daily duration and aerial intensity of sunlight are very higher in the summer, and therefore increases th e rate of photosynthesis resulting to high productivity.Additionally, Availability of light also have influence on ocean productivity. Light penetration from the surface of the ocean to the deep ocean beds depends and are limited to several factors such as the angle at which light rays strikes the ocean surface. Light rays that approach the ocean surface at lower angles are suddenly reflected back off the ocean surface and therefore do not and therefore not properly absorbed into the ocean waters resulting to low photosynthesis and finally low biological productivity.Furthermore, Salinity of ocean environments also influences its productivity. Salinity is generally high in isolated water bodies since in these areas, the rate of precipitation is low and evaporation rates are high (Noone, Diaz Sumaila, 2013). The salinity should be kept at a moderate l...

The Scientific Method Of Everyday Life Essay - 831 Words

Scientific method in everyday life:- Science plays an important part in our life. We have used science from stone age. Man observes and understands what he observes. This is a unique sense that he is born with. Agriculture is a scientific process. The man has learnt to sow seeds, water the land, add green manure to the soil and reap the harvest. Separating the paddy from the husk shows how clever he is. You might have observed that the women hold the pounded paddy in a flat plate and sift when the breeze blows. The heavy paddy falls near the person s feet while the husk that is light flies and falls a few feet away. Thus paddy is separated from the husk. Man also has learnt from observation that the crops should be rotated to get back the lost nutrients of the soil. This is one of the scientific method we observe in everyday life. Gardening:- Man knows how to garden by observation. He knows that the sunlight and water are necessary for the seeds to germinate. He has learnt by experience that the soil should be rich for the plants to grow. He also has observed that the seed must be healthy to germinate. Man also has learnt from experience that diseased seed produce diseased plants. Hence he first checks the seed to see if it is healthy. The Chinese way to check the seed is to soak the seed that is selected for planting in salt water. If the seed floats on the water, it is discarded. If the seed goes to the bottom of the vessel, then it is healthy and can be used forShow MoreRelatedLogic, Revelation And Authority864 Words   |  4 Pagesa cow.† like the article says this is not logical because cows can be different colors. When it comes to me though, I believe that logic is the best way of knowing for quick thinking because making a logical choice is often the correct one in everyday life. Another way of knowing the article talks about revelation. The article defines this as a statement that comes from a source that is unquestionable. I think that a lot of people in America use this way of knowing to try and understand governmentRead MoreThe Steps Of Scientific Method843 Words   |  4 Pages The scientific method is when you have a specific problem and you go through steps to try and solve your problem. The steps of scientific method are develop a theory, check and analyze your theory, explain your hypothesis, and prove your hypothesis. Whether that hypothesis could be wrong, you can still change it. That is the best thing about theories, hypothesis, and the scientific method. An example of the scientific method is my automobile does not crank. I would check for gas because if thereRead MoreThe Method of Scientific Investigation779 Words   |  4 Pages The Method of Scientific Investigation Scientific investigation in my own words is when someone breaks down a problem to find a solution scientifically, but there can be more to it than just investigation a problem scientifically. Thomas Huxley explains scientific investigation in more depth in his â€Å"The Method of Scientific Investigation† essay, what is he trying to say in this passage? It could be many things, it could be nothing or it could be something, we’re basically trying to find outRead MoreThe Science of Psychology Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Science of Psychology â€Å"Psychology is the scientific study of mind, brain and behaviour. Some of what you do learn may seem like ‘common sense’, or at least familiar to you because you are learning about topics in which you can relate to. However some things you may believe is true, but is incorrect. The way we know this is through the application of scientific methods.† Mark Leary suggests that the subject matter of psychology is much more familiar to mostRead MorePseudoscience: Detective or Fictional?700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Scientific Americanâ„ ¢ defines pseudoscience as â€Å"a practice or belief that is known as scientific, but otherwise does not follow an acceptable scientific method, lacks subsidiary evidence or credibility, cannot be consistently tested, or lacks scientific standing.† When studying science, a key to finding â€Å"good† science is to make sure it is logical, based on facts and data, not opinions. Pseudoscience tends to appear more in the movie Sherlock Holmes by showcasing the unusual scientific theoriesRead MoreScientific Method in Real Life Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesScientific method paper Part I. It was the finals of the 2004 swimming state championships. I was seated second in the 100-yard individual breaststroke. My heart was pounding as I swam my warm up laps. I would have to drop about a second or so to have any shot at the title and the gold. I hopped out of the warm up pool, and headed over to grab my towel and work out a strategy plan with my coach. The first order of business was to address the main problem. I needed to win. My coachRead MoreWhat Is Chemistry701 Words   |  3 PagesCHEMISTRY IN LIFE Charles Barker CHM/110 7/6/2015 Subhashis Nandy Introduction When living in a world such as ours, chemistry plays a large role in how society interacts. Chemistry can be viewed from many different angles because of its dynamics when dealing with the nouns of life (People, places, and things). With people, chemistry is how he or she connects to their social conformity. With places, chemistry is the structure and atmosphere that brings about the culture to the arenaRead MoreMathematics And The Scientific Method939 Words   |  4 Pagesacquired it will subside. The two areas of knowledge that is needed in everyday life is natural science and mathematics. These two subject areas are vital in respect to knowledge because they both depend upon logical reasoning and the ability to make rational decisions. Science is important in the world because it is based on experiments. The experiments follow a strict procedure called the scientific method. â€Å"The scientific method is a tool that helps scientists—and the rest of us—solve p roblems andRead MoreTeaching Science In The Twenty-First Century Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesIf a child has a good understanding of science and scientific thinking, they can use these processes in everyday life. Science is also important for kids to know because it can open their eyes to an abundance of occupations. Even students, who will grow up to work in a field that is unrelated to science, will still need to use the processes to help them make educated decisions. Science education helps families all over the world almost everyday of their lives. When someone is cooking food, playingRead MoreMathematics And The Scientific Method920 Words   |  4 Pagescognition level will subside. The two areas of knowledge that’s necessary in everyday life is natural science and mathematics. These two subject areas are vital in respect to knowledge because they both depend upon logical reasoning and the ability to make rational decisions. Science is important in the world because it is based on experiments. The experiments follow a strict procedure called the scientific method. â€Å"The scientific method is a tool that helps scientists—and the rest of us—solve problems and

What is Federalism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1001 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Federalism Essay Did you like this example? Federalism Summary The main definition of federalism is when the nation, state, or local share control over the same area. In the United States, all of the power is divided and shared between our federal government (national government) and the state/local government to ensure everything is fair. This allows the people of the United States to have the rights and it’ll make them obey laws of the cities, counties, states, and the federal government. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is Federalism" essay for you Create order There are many other types of federalism which consists of dual federalism and cooperative federalism. Both of these federalism types have there own strengths and weaknesses that make each one satisfying in their own ways. Dual Federalism Dual federalism is only a theory about having an actual relationship with the national government and the states. The states control economic regulation and local issues. The national government controls fostering commerce, foreign policy , and nation defence. Dual federalism could also be known as divided sovereignty or layer-cake federalism. It’s a basic description of the nature of federalism during World War II. The reason it’s described as a layered cake is because there are easily identifiable differences between the state and national powers and responsibilities. Cooperative Federalism Cooperative federalism is a concept. The national, state, and local government work together to solve a problem. People will also call it the marble-cake metaphor. The reason for this is due to all the powers being so mixed up. An example of cooperative federalism was in April 20, 2010 named, Deepwater Horizon explosion. Almost 5 million barrels of oil spilled into the gulf of mexico. The spilled occured in national water, between the state, local, and national came up with a plan to fix it together. Pros of Federalism Our federal government has many advantages by increasing citizen participation. This includes voting for any type of authority. Us as people in the United States have been given the right to vote through federalism. Sharing power around is another key factor we’re given. Without federalism, we may not all have the same electricity standards. The rich might have the brightest light, the poor may get slow internet, and average person might have in between all of that. In general, its good for large, diverse countries growing in population like the United States. The Federalism system make involvement within national, states, and local government easy for everybody. From schools, work places, or on the television, it keeps everyone up to date on what’s happening in the government on the day to day bases on more of a national level than local or state. Cons of Federalism With the states and national government having to agree on everything together, it leads to them disagreeing about which and how laws are made. If a law passed and it affects another states in negative ways, they couldn’t do much about it since they must follow and listen to the national government. There may also be a lot of confusion going around throughout the states. For example, Georgia has the â€Å"Hands Free† law, that permits any Georgia driver from holding their phones. In Florida this is no law, so the second a Floridian accidentally touch their phone in Georgia, there are in trouble. Though, the national government is said to be the most powerful, it’s the most difficult to pass a law through, every states gets their opinion and it may not pass. Even when there could be grants-in-aid some countries take advantage of the idea and the national government allowed themselves to go over budget for them. Concept of Federalism The main idea of federalism comes off of the democratic rules, where power is shared with everybody on anational, state, and local level. It could also be thought up as a unitary government because the central authority holds the power. National controls state and local government, state controls local government, and local will control themselves. What federalism has done was created it this way so that they have their own responsibilities but they will still help eachother out by passing laws or chatting and coming to an agreement (or disagreement) about touchy issues. Grants-in-Aid A grant-in-aid is when one level of government (typically higher leveled) will give money or resources to another level of government (typically lower leveled) with the intention of helping them. This is one of the good things about federalism, it’s made so that everyone can help everyone. It will usually give out relationships between the different types of government to create a more helpful and generous environment. There are four different types of grants to give out. One of them is called, categorical grants. This one targets certain types of projects. The second one is called, block grant. It allows the level of power to have a lot of leeway on what they can spend the money given on. The third one is called, formula grant. It sets up a certain amount they spend and it has a set demographic that can us this grant. The forth on is called, project grant. This is a grant that has competition to it, where different level will compete over who gets it. However, when giving mon ey out, eventually it would start becoming a normal thing to borrow. For example on page 94 of The Challenge of Democracy, it states, â€Å"they grew to an astonishing pace in the 1960’s, when grant spending doubled every five years.† (94, Janda) This is stating that when states started finding out that they could borrow money for the national government, the amount of grants taken skyrocketed. Federalism Ferguson Riot A riot in Ferguson occured when a police officer shot an unarmed teen. The riot was held off by the state and local, but the national government had no help with it. When the state and local government couldn’t maintain the outburst, the national government finally stepped in to help. The federal government supplied the state and local the trucks and military to help control the riots.

Gandhis Salt March

On March 12, 1930, a group of Indian independence protesters began to march from Ahmedabad, India to the sea coast at Dandi some 390 kilometers (240 miles) away. They were led by Mohandas Gandhi, also known as the Mahatma, and intended to illegally produce their own salt from the seawater.  This was Gandhis Salt March, a peaceful salvo in the fight for Indian independence. Satyagraha, an Act of Peaceful Disobedience The Salt March was an act of peaceful civil disobedience or satyagraha, because, under the law of the British Raj in India, salt-making was banned. In accordance with the 1882 British Salt Act, the colonial government required all Indians to buy salt from the British and to pay a salt tax, rather than producing their own. Coming on the heels of the Indian National Congresss January 26, 1930, declaration of Indian independence, Gandhis 23-day-long Salt March inspired millions of Indians to join in his campaign of civil disobedience. Before he set out, Gandhi wrote a letter to the British Viceroy of India, Lord E.F.L. Wood, Earl of Halifax, in which he offered to halt the march in return for concessions including the abolition of the salt tax, reduction of land taxes, cuts to military spending, and higher tariffs on imported textiles. The Viceroy did not deign to answer Gandhis letter, however. Gandhi told his supporters, On bended knees, I asked for bread and I have received stone instead—and the march went on. On April 6, Gandhi and his followers reached Dandi and dried seawater to make salt. They then moved south down the coast, producing more salt and rallying supporters. Gandhi is Arrested On May 5, the British colonial authorities decided that they could no longer stand by while Gandhi flouted the law. They arrested him and severely beat many of the salt marchers. The beatings were televised around the world; hundreds of unarmed protesters stood still with their arms at their sides while British troops smashed batons down on their heads. These powerful images stoked international sympathy and support for the Indian independence cause. The Mahatmas choice of the salt tax as the first target of his non-violent satyagraha movement initially sparked surprise and even derision from the British, and also from his own allies such as Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Patel. However, Gandhi realized that a simple, key commodity like salt was the perfect symbol around which ordinary Indians could rally. He understood that the salt tax impacted every person in India directly, whether they were Hindu, Muslim or Sikh, and was more easily understood than complex questions of constitutional law or land tenure. Following the Salt Satyagraha, Gandhi spent nearly a year in prison. He was one of more than 80,000 Indians jailed in the aftermath of the protest; literally millions turned out to make their own salt. Inspired by the Salt March, people across India boycotted all kinds of British goods, including paper and textiles. Peasants refused to pay land taxes. The Government Attempts to Quell the Movement The colonial government imposed even harsher laws in an attempt to quell the movement. It outlawed the Indian National Congress, and imposed strict censorship on Indian media and even private correspondence, but to no avail. Individual British military officers and civil service employees anguished over how to respond to non-violent protest, proving the effectiveness of Gandhis strategy. Although India would not gain its independence from Britain for another 17 years, the Salt March raised international awareness of British injustices in India. Although not many Muslims joined Gandhis movement, it did unify many Hindu and Sikh Indians against British rule. It also made Mohandas Gandhi into a famous figure around the world, renowned for his wisdom and love of peace.

Becoming A Master s Level Social Worker - 788 Words

Each Social worker is created in a unique way. Some are affected personally, by issues, people, and/or situations around them. I carry my own personal experiences from good to bad ones. Becoming a Master’s level Social Worker provides me with a larger spectrum to which I could dedicate myself. Accomplishing a Master degree in social work sets me a step closer to obtaining a licensure, being a therapist, a supervisor, a program director, and many other things. As social workers, we carry different roles which can be defined by whom we work for, as to working with individual (micro), institutions (mezzo) or within a system (macro). All social worker’s come from diverse backgrounds. In regards to my background, I come from a working lower class family. I was raised in a border town as a single child. I was inculcated the Catholic religion with Mexican-American cultures. During my life span I have come across with many struggles, which have been personal and also with close family members that have affected me. Based on the many struggles I have come across, they have driven me to choose social work as a career. When starting my Bachelor’s degree, I chose social work for one reason, which was to become a lawyer. I was in pursuit of my Bachelor’s degree in social work which would allow me to pursue my goal of going to law school. My goal of going to law school derived from my passion of making an impact for those who are in need. After a couple of classes in the social workShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Athletic Director1295 Words   |  6 Pagesup from an entry level job and slowly moves their way up. Job Duties Being an athletic director is a job that has many duties because they have to oversee every sports team. Here is a list of responsibilities for an Athletic Director from the School District of Auburndale in Wisconsin. 1. Prepare a master budget and supervise equipment inventories. 2. Secure and file the paperwork for equipment lease requests involving the athletic department. 3. Prepare a master sports calendar thatRead MoreSocial Work Career As A Social Worker925 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Work Career If you are an individual who seeks to promote human well-being and have an intense desire to help others, you might consider pursuing a career in social work. â€Å"Social work is a practice-based profession and an academic discipline that promotes social change and development, social cohesion, and the empowerment and liberation of people† (International Federation of Social Workers, 2014, para. 2). Social workers identify those who need help, examine their situations and developRead MoreA Career as a Social Worker Essay1041 Words   |  5 Pages A social worker has a very important job. Social workers help children and families in need of food, homes, and health care. They help children have a brighter future. There are many different types of social work. There are mental health, child and family, elementary, and high school social workers. There are advantages to being a social worker. One example is social workers get to save children. They take the child or children out of an abusive home, weather that is mentalRead MoreThe Medical Social Worker Professional Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pages I interview Ms. Diameteria S. Damon. She is a medical social worker professional. I choose Diameteria because she works in the healthcare industry and she has great experience and knowledge. She has work experience in mental health services, hospice, and children and family services. Diameteria has received a Certificate in North Carolina Child Welfare Collaborative from formal training in multi-systemic family therapy, as well as brief support therapy. Diameteria has an education and professionalRead MoreSchool Counselor1707 Words   |  7 Pages(â€Å"Guidance Counselors†). Specifically, school counselors play a major role in the social, emotional, and academic development of their students. This profession interests me for two reasons. First of all, I like to talk with people of all types. Second of all, I am always concerned with the feelings of others. The combination of these two qualities of mine is what makes becoming a guidance counselor my goal. Early in the 1920’s, some school systems in such major cities as Boston and New York offered theirRead MoreUnderstanding the Concept of Need in Human Society: Motivation and Personality by Abraham Maslow 1397 Words   |  6 Pagespeople† such as Jane Adams, Eleanor Roosevelt and Albert Einstein. The best way to portrait Maslow’s hierarchy of needs would be through a shape of a pyramid, which presents the largest and most fundamental levels of need on the bottom. Even that Maslow never used a pyramid to represent those levels of hierarchy; it became the most effective way to present them. Friendship and love, esteem physical needs and security which Maslow also called â€Å"deficiency needs† are the most basic and fund amental 4 layersRead MoreApplication For The Medical Assistant Position At Your Medical Practice974 Words   |  4 Pagesto find this opportunity because it closely aligns with my interests and future aspirations of becoming a Physician Assistant. What is being offered is an opportunity that will allow me to hone and polish my interpersonal, communication, and technical skills, but to also develop new skill sets that some health professionals lack. I have a Bachelor’s of Arts in Biology from Agnes Scott College and a Master of Public Health from Morehouse School of Medicine. As a Biology major, my coursework allowedRead MoreThe Traditional Nurse, Writing By Lisa H. Newton1250 Words   |  5 Pageswith dignity. 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The State Of The Lebanese Curriculum Education Essay Free Essays

string(238) " to divisions and wars been what the best math course of study for the twenty-first century is, confirms the incontrovertible position that when political relations intervene in instruction worldwide, the good intended messages are lost\." On Tuesday April 18, 1996 Israeli 155mm mortars shelled UNIFIL ‘s Fiji BATT compound in the small town of Qana few kilometres south E of Tyre in Southern Lebanon. Around 800 civilians had taken safety at the base. The organic structures of 102 Arab civilian work forces, adult females and kids were shattered to pieces. We will write a custom essay sample on The State Of The Lebanese Curriculum Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many similar accidents had occurred in the past, but this one was different. It triggered protests and presentations against the Israeli ground forces which has been busying Lebanon since March 14, 1978. During and since these events, the Lebanese acted as united and cohesive people, fighting to make the same end of release, and to bask its fruits – a free and incorporate state. Four old ages subsequently, the Israeli military personnels moved out of the country and May 25, 2000, was declared a national vacation in jubilation of opposition and release. Each twelvemonth, activities and visits are paid to the grave of the Qana slaughter victims, in memorialization of the 18th of April. Crowds of citizens, intellectuals and pupils from different countries of Lebanon visit the sufferer ‘ graveyard in Qana on the said juncture. The purpose is to supply approaching coevalss with cognition bases, good for the building of a hereafter rich in its national didactic lessons, peculiarly the national battle heroic poem against business. As a Lebanese, I truly acknowledge the function the Lebanese have ever played in engaging a war against the business of our land and resources. However, I am critical of the Lebanese course of study which has been meaningless and non built on facets and issues of the Lebanese world. I am even more critical of the insensitive and unresponsive nature of the math course of study we teach and survey, at least in the schools and universities in Lebanon, which is inactive and does n’t experience anything of its milieus. There is no uncertainty about the extent of harm caused by many old ages of business in our instruction in Lebanon. Most significantly we are non able to cover with Western mathematics which is described by Bishop ( 1990 ) as â€Å" one of the most powerful arms in the infliction of Western civilization † . ( p. 52 ) Although the â€Å" business † of our land is an highly serious issue, the biggest danger we presently face is the battle for stoping the â€Å" business of our heads † because â€Å" The most powerful arm in the custodies of the oppressor is the head of the oppressed † ( Freire, 1970, p.14 ) . Since the development age was launched by Truman more than 50 old ages ago ( through declaring all societies outside the Western universe â€Å" developing † and, therefore, in demand of â€Å" aid † to â€Å" develop † them ) , mathematics instruction, development plans, and scientific cognition have been the chief tools used in interrupting the dorsum of societies. I was born in Beirut, Lebanon. Except for a few old ages when I had to travel out and work, I have lived all my life in Lebanon. When I was born, the Gallic system of Education was used because, for some clip, we have been colonized by France. After 1968, the British and American course of study became the course of study in schools. Since 2000, and after the terminal of the civil war in Lebanon, a so called â€Å" Lebanese new course of study † has been in the procedure of being developed. The intent of this paper is to cast some visible radiation on the Lebanese mathematics curriculum from a socio political position and to foreground some issues that defined and confined the Lebanese experience of learning math in schools. Specifically, I would wish to analyze what â€Å" business of heads † means in mathematics course of study and besides how â€Å" business † is reflected in the history of mathematics instruction in Lebanon. My peculiar attractive force to the impression of â€Å" business † lies in the fact that our heads have been controlled in Lebanon by restricting the options and options in how mathematics was taught and learned in the yesteryear. I am cognizant of this fact because of my past experience as both a pupil and instructor of mathematics in Lebanese schools every bit good as in other schools in the Middle East. We have been directed and driven so that we are unable to see possible options and options in both our instruction and acquisition of mathematics. The nature of mathematics learning has been such that pupils are non encouraged to talk up and show their different ( and sometimes opposing ) points of position and to admit the right of others to take his/her ain point of position. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN LEBANON In Lebanon ( besides true in many topographic points particularly the developing or Third World Countries ) , we are committed to a position of mathematics as a scientific discipline that is absolute and unconditioned. We have considered mathematics to be a complete system stand foring nonsubjective, ageless truths. In his chapter, Math, Culture and Authority, Fasheh ( 1997 ) excellently gives a vivid, thick description of how math, in Third universe states, â€Å" aˆÂ ¦.is normally taught as a set of regulations and expressions that pupils have to memorise, and a set of problems-usually absurd to students- that they must work out † ( p.275 ) . This is every bit true for the Lebanese schoolroom and Lebanese course of study which is extremely compartmentalized and decontextualized. Teachers are the exclusive authorization in the schoolroom every bit good as the major beginning of mathematical cognition dictated as a set of nonnegotiable regulations and processs that challe nge topographic point and clip. In short, mathematics course of study is considered as the unquestionable hegemony which is to be followed and respected by both pupils and instructors. Reflecting on the province of the field, a closer expression at the history of how findings from international proving led many states to oppugn the substance of their school course of study and how this testing has led to divisions and wars been what the best math course of study for the twenty-first century is, confirms the incontrovertible position that when political relations intervene in instruction worldwide, the good intended messages are lost. You read "The State Of The Lebanese Curriculum Education Essay" in category "Essay examples" Possibly a well known illustration is the California math Wars where terrible diminution in the sum of educational budgets made it more purposive the usage of standards-based appraisals as a motivation for acquiring more support, the beginning being private organisations. RETHINKING MATHEMATICAL KNOWLEDGE: ETHNOMATHEMATICS â€Å" A common misconception in the instruction of math has been, and still is, the belief that math can be taught efficaciously and meaningfully without associating it to civilization or to the single pupil † ( Fasheh, 1997, P. 281 ) . Extensive research acknowledges the function that civilization dramas in act uponing the manner people see things and understand constructs. This, and non the trouble of the topic, impacted the position that math is nonmeaningful, stiff and beyond one ‘s apprehension. â€Å" Math can be used to emphasize one ‘s ain civilization with its particular and beautiful features. At the same clip, math can be used to do one aware of the drawbacks in one ‘s ain civilization and attempt to get the better of them † . ( Fasheh, 1997, P. 284 ) . My ain experience, and the experience of many others that I knew or read about, made me progressively believe in the sociopolitical facet of math as a tool to stamp down and rule minorities in the universe. Mathematicss has played an of import portion in globalisation ( English, 2002 ) . First, the topic itself is a merchandise of centuries of cultural exchange between East and West. In the head of many, it has achieved a position of an international linguistic communication independent of cultural association and context of development. The similarity of many mathematics instruction plans around the universe is partially a merchandise of this thought. Second, besides mathematics is seen as a ticket for draw a bead oning persons and states for technological, and therefore economic, development. This image of mathematics promotes the copying of course of study from the economically more successful to the less successful states. Further, the position of mathematics in the course of study is similar in many states where it is given a particular importance, 2nd merely, if non equal, to linguistic communication instruction. In many states mathematics is tied to scientific, technological, and therefore to economic development. Undoubtedly, these similarities have added ammo to the often-expressed position that mathematics is a â€Å" cosmopolitan linguistic communication † . These similarities have given rise to the term â€Å" planetary course of study † in mathematics instruction. The Role of Ethnomathematics From prehistoric ages, worlds have been roll uping cognition to react to their thrusts and demands. Such responses vary from part to part, from civilization to civilization ( Bishop, 1990 ) . Possibly the most of import philosophical difference between a traditional and an ethnomathematical position is that ethnomathematics recognizes, encourages, and awards the belief that all people do mathematics within their ain unique and personal context, and that this ability may take many signifiers ( Borba, 1997 ) . Indeed it emerges from within each person through their single interaction with their cultural and physical environment. It besides recognizes that everyone does mathematics, hence there is no such thing as a non-math individual – ethnomathematics is closely tied to issues of entree and equity ( Anderson, 1997 ) . In his chapter, Ethnomathemtics and Education, Borba envisions â€Å" ethnoknowledge † as the starting point for the pedagogical procedure in which pupils ‘ cognition is â€Å" compared with the ( ethno ) cognition developed by the academic subjects in a manner that this academic cognition can besides be seen as culturally bounded † ( p. 269 ) . Harmonizing to Borba, this study can be accomplished by pupils and instructors discoursing â€Å" the efficiency and relevancy of different sorts of cognition in different contexts † ( p. 269-270 ) . It is going clear in the heads of many the fact that instruction has transformed cognition and larning into trade goods, and pupils and instructors into consumers ( Kilpatrick, 2003 ) .I still retrieve how my female parent, run uping apparels for us and for our friends, used mathematics unwittingly in her pattern. She used to routinely take rectangles of cloth and with few measurings turn them into beautiful, absolutely fitted vesture. The mathematics she was utilizing was beyond my comprehension. Sing her mathematics in context made me understand my mathematics in context, the context of intent, significance, and power. I feel that my female parent was much freer than me. She learned by detecting, making, reflecting, associating, and bring forthing. She constructed her ain apprehension. In contrast, I was an impersonator, work outing jobs, most of which have been solved for a trillion times, in tiring repeat in schools around the universe for the past 100 old ages at least. While sh e was invariably involved in the human facet of math, my cognition and thought were confined chiefly to text editions, which I studied and taught. Detecting my female parent ‘s math and cognition helped me detect how deeply my cognition was entrenched in text edition during my surveies, and during my instruction. As a consequence of colonial instruction, in Lebanon and in other Third universe states as good, we come to see mathematics by and large as a merchandise of the West. The addled course of study organ transplant -during the 1960’s- from the extremely industrialized states to ‘Third World ‘ states reinforced this image. Although, during the 1970 ‘s and 1980 ‘s, there emerged among instructors and mathematics pedagogues in developing states, a turning opposition against the Eurocentrism, ( Powell A ; Frankenstein, 1997 ) , in Lebanon this misconception is accentuated due to the unstable political clime that swayed Middle East part up-to-date. What can be done? In an effort to reform our math instruction and acquisition, we are in the procedure of constructing a new math course of study which extremely acknowledges criterions put forth by NCTM. We are now, more than of all time, aware of the importance of stressing job posing/problem-solving attacks to larn, curriculum dialogue and incorporate course of study planning supported by appropriate appraisal schemes including non-competitive appraisal. I would wish to visualize that in the future our teaching method could be community – based and community focused and that it helps develop the pupils ‘ accomplishments in the defense mechanism, care and farther development of our rational heritage and civilization. The position and intent of math course of study is closely linked with the different socio-political ambiances that reign from one state to another. While we, as Lebanese, view math as an indispensable tool for release from the business of land and head, others see it as a agency to remain in front in the battle for political power. In Lebanon, now, we are fighting to specify ourselves through reflecting on our lives, and seeking to show that in every bit many signifiers as we have in our â€Å" dirts of civilizations, † and through discoursing what we do and what we are. In the concluding analysis, a chief issue is to specify ourselves or else be defined by others. 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Auditing & Assurance Risk Assessment

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Assurance Risk Assessment. Answer Introduction This report will emphasize on the issues of speculation of inherent risk for the upcoming audit assignment of audit firm EA Partners. It is the basic homework for the audit firm to assess the risk factors related to new audit assignment to safeguard the same while executing audit operation. There are three different types of probable risks normally found in the audit practice- inherent risk, control risk and detection risk(Nguyen, 2009). These are all different in nature but mainly focused with the material misstatement of financial information and its subsequent impact on the financial report of the identity. In this present report we will focus on inherent risk of a company of Australian base named David Jones Corporation who is engaged in the business of retailing of garments and other products. Being a senior partner of the audit firm, EA Partners, I was assigned to detect inherent risk related to the upcoming assignment of David Jones Corporation. For this purpose I will utilize my experience of working in the retail chain outlet as accountant to find the inherent risks normally relevant to this type of business as per guideline fixed by Australian Audit Standards governed by Auditing and Assurance Standard Board of Australia. David Jones Corporation- The Client The company, David Jones Corporation popularly known as DJs, was established in 1838 by David Jones. The main business of this brand is to spread the departmental stores in Australia and abroad. The company has its nearby competitor in the name of Myer. The company is recently acquired by the world famed Woolworths Ltd, a South African Retail group under the umbrella of Woolworths Holdings Limited since midway of 2014. The acquisition process had been endorsed by the DJs management with the effective capitalization of $ 2.15 billion. The acquisition had been approved by the Federal Court of Australia in July 2014. The company has human resource strength of 4956 in 2016 in comparison to 4175 in 2015 as per data retrieved from the financial report of Woolworths Holdings Limited for the year 2016. Auditing Standard ASA 315 The above Auditing Standard is meant for detection of risk of audit assignment for material misstatement in the financial report of any company. ASA 315 is complying with the International Auditing Standards IAS 315 to ensure the global acclaimed policy related to the subject. This standard is enforced with the objective of identifying and assessing respective risks of material misstatement in the financial reports due to reasons of frauds or mistakes, whether intentional or unintentional(Auasb, 2006). This objective is endorsed with the conception of the establishment in respect of environment with the internal control which can provide the basis of implementation and design of responses related to the risks assessed occurred due to material misstatement. To ensure this activity, proper analytical verification of financial statement of the entity is to be done in respect of different financial information provided upon which the foundation of the financial report is being made(Auasb , 2013). Inherent Risks David Jones Corporation Being a senior audit partner, it is my duty to find different areas of financial operation which can generate inherent risks related to financial operation of the company. Through the annual financial report of Woolworths Holdings Limited, it is observed that the group is performing with systematic way of handling its financial activities and the same is being scanned through the effective Audit Committee which is already fixed its basic compliance criteria with the execution of the financial operations of the companies under the group. It had been observed from the report of the Audit Committee that David Jones had executed compliance level to ensure the mandate of compliance set by the Audit Committee of the Group(Investopedia, 2016). Even after the certification by the Audit Committee, it is my professional obligation to find inherent risk in different areas in which there may be occurrence of such risks during the concluded financial report. In this aspect I have highlighted certain specific areas which are given below with my observations:- Goodwill As David Jones had been taken over by Woolworths Holding Limited, evaluation of goodwill is significant in the acquisition process. As goodwill is falling under the category of long term assets under the subhead of intangible assets, evaluation process is specified for the group so far goodwill is concerned of the acquisitioned entity. The excerpts of the annual financial report of Woolworth Holding Limited is featured below for understanding the same;- The basis of goodwill evaluation with impairment is depending upon the factor of evaluation of Cash Generating Unit or CGU or the units to which allocation of goodwill is done. Inventories Inventories are contributing to the current asset which is a basic component of deriving working capital. As David Jones is being taken over by Woolworths Holding Limited in midway of 2014, the inventories of the departmental stores under the possession of the company is also being taken over by the Group. The consolidated financial position of the group had been furnished with segmented portion of different companies running under the group. David Jones had shown the inventories with valuation of 2345 RM in 2016 in comparison to 1864 RM of 2015 with the variance effect of (+) 25%. The steady growth of DJs is being observed with the inventories value increasing, but inherent risk is there to segregate current saleable stock from obsolete stock(Woolworthsholdings, 2016). Receivables Receivable is also considered as the basic component of current asset which is also contributing to the determination of working capital. From the annual financial report of 2016 of the Group it is observed that receivable of DJs is declined from 396 RM of 2015 to 380 RM of 2016 with the negative variance of 4%. Inherent risk is there to segregate good and bad/doubtful debts(Whl, 2016). Cash Handling As the business of DJs is mainly depending upon the counter sale from departmental stores, cash handling plays a vital role in the area of inherent risk detection. Proper internal control is to be practiced to ensure zero level material misstatement in the area of cash handling. ERP implementation with proper software full proof software with control implemented at different layer right from sales to delivery is to be ensured to make the cash handling system perfect. After the acquisition of DJs by the Group, cash and cash equivalent are being observed as increasing with significant growth from 186 RM of 2015 to 324 RM of 2016 with the resultant positive variance of growth by 74%(Woolworthsholdings, 2016). Competition/ Revenue DJs had shown significant increase in their revenue in 2016 with 27% positive growth variance. Revenue of 2016 had shown in the annual financial report of the Group featuring the contribution of DJs as 17297 RM in comparison to 13242 RM of 2015. This growth shows that in spite of stiff competition of the retail chain marketing in Australia, DJs is keeping its growth in satisfactory standard to ensure overcoming the competition. Mainly the competition is confined between DJs and Myer, but DJs, with the backing of its holding company, Woolworths, is sweeping the market with clear growth of 7% and net retail space by 3.5% with value sale increase in AUD terms by 8.4%(Pash, 2016). Liabilities- Current and Non Current Payables, provisions and other non current liabilities are basic component of liabilities along with borrowings. As per the group financial reports of 2016, trade payables, provisions and other non-current liabilities of DJs are 5967 RM with comparison to 4977 RM of 2015 which is with 20% growth variance in 2016 over 2015. Borrowings are 215 RM in 2016 as per Group financial report pertaining to DJs which was new introduction as nothing had been featured under this head in 2015(Whl, 2016). Control Environment As DJs is one component of the group of Woolworths Holding Ltd, the control environment of the company is dictated by the standing procedure of the group which is being fixed by the Audit Committee of the Group consisting of six independent directors. The annual financial report of the Group is also certified by the auditors, Ernst and Young with the declaration of the directors responsibility so far making of financial report as per the fair and true representation of the financial information and the auditors responsibility to opine about the true and fairness presentation of the financial statements of the company(Woolworthsholdings, 2016). It is also conferred in the annual financial report by the auditor that the compliance of effective internal control is to be ensured by the directors of the Group. The Audit Committee is driven by the key result areas in different financial operations out of which assurance of internal control is one of the prime features. This committee is there to ensure the independence of the external auditors, fixation of the charter of internal audit along with planning to confirm the integrated mode of financial reporting as per the objective of assurance model , appointment of the auditors and suggest necessary changes in the financial policies of the group company along with its subsidiaries. All these efforts are to ensure the issues in macro level, while in micro level critical analysis and evaluation is required to make the accounting system of the company full proof. With all these efforts from the Audit Committee, the assurance related to audit with respective financial decisions are enforced to enhance the level of performance of the company so far its operation is concerned. The main objective of control practice is to make it mandatory that inh erent risks are to be detected with the respective steps to mitigate them through proper process manage3ment induced in the company system(Whl, 2016). Conclusion and Recommendations To ensure the detection of inherent risks, I have to be proactive with my knowledge, experience and respective fields of application in David Jones Corporation. As the company is being taken over by world renowned Woolworths Holding Limited, this company is a part of the professionally managed Group which has good infrastructure of financial reporting with the back-up of Audit Committee which can ensure the effective models to be implemented through the system. As the company is engaged in retailing, inherent risk is always there in certain areas like cash handling, and inventory control. As the company is growing after the acquisition, more emphasis is to be given on the areas of control for the components which are directly contributing to the effective working capital practice to make the liquidity ratio of the company in such a position that the company can grow more facing the competition and overcoming it. It is mandatory to go into the deep of the system of the company to find out the inherent risk of the respective organization in respect of auditing. To make it possible I have to understand the system management of the company so far different steps of operation of the company is concerned. The system starts from the level of procurement, supply chain management, sales and marketing and logistics management. In each part of this business, I have to understand the concept of operation and thus it can be ensured that effective detection of inherent risk is possible in different level of activities of the company. Self involvement is necessary to understand the process management and thus the assurance of detecting inherent risk is possible. Although different industries have typical process management which can give birth to inherent audit risks, the probability of material misstatement can be there with intentional or unintentional approaches. It is often observed material misstatement followed by subsequent errors occur due to the nature of the business and the application of the system related to it. The more complicated the system, the bigger the chance of inherent risk is there. Hence to identify and mitigate the respective inherent risk related to any business depends upon the clarity of understanding of operation with clear objectives and respective appropriate strategies implemented in the business. It is the duty of the auditors to find the gaps of the operation system and suggest respective remedies to fulfill them. References: Auasb. (2013, November 11). Auditing Standard ASA 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and Its Environment. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Auasb: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Nov13_Compiled_Auditing_Standard_ASA_315.pdf Auasb. (2006, April 28). Auditing Standard ASA 315 Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Auasb: https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/ASA_315_28-04-06.pdf Investopedia. (2016, March 06). Inherent Risk. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/video/play/inherent-risk/ Nguyen, J. (2009, June). What is the difference between investing and speculating? Retrieved December 07, 2017, from Investopedia: https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/09/difference-between-investing-speculating.asp Pash, C. (2016, July 15). David Jones sales growth is crushing the competition. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Businessinsider: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/david-jones-sales-revenue-smashes-the-competition-2016-7 Whl. (2016). Woolworths Holdings Limited. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Whl: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/downloads/2016/WHL-Audited-Annual-Financial-Statements-2016.pdf Whl. (2016). Woolworths Holdings Limited. Woolworthsholdings. (2016). Woolworths holdings Limited. Retrieved January 07, 2017, from Woolworthsholdings: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/downloads/2016/WHL-Audited-Annual-Financial-Statements-2016.pdf